Metalworking fluids (MWF) are lubricating products playing an important role in production processes such as machining or shaping, and phosphorus-containing additives are widely used in their content to provide anti-wear properties to the product. Phosphorus-containing additives are generally used as anti-wear in metal-to-metal interaction operations that require high torque and low speed. They form a film layer by adsorption on the metal surface and extend the life of the machines by reducing the stress and wear in metal-metal friction. There are many types of these additives, which have been used for more than half a century to prevent wear. Metal dithiophosphates, dithiophosphate esters and derivatives, phosphate esters, phosphorus-containing ionic liquids are examined in 4 classes. In this study, the effects of phosphorus-containing additives in different structures on the wear performance of active sulfur-containing products were evaluated in order to consider the possible interactions of additives with metal surfaces, taking into account the additives in the product ingredients used in machining and shaping processes. For this purpose, 3 different additives ZDDP, triphenyl phosphothionates and dioctadec-9-enyl phosphonate were added to a formulation prepared with Group 1 paraffinic base oil, with ISO VG 32 kinematic viscosity at 40°C and containing a constant ratio of sulphurized olefin additives. As a performance test, wear scar diameters were determined using the ASTM D 4172 Four Ball Test method to compare the performances and the comparison of wear scar was made with 3D microscope. As a result, it has been observed that the most effective anti-wear additive in the presence of active sulfur is dioctadec-9-enyl phosphonate, and ZDDP has the highest wear due to its antagonist effect when used with active sulfur.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Lubricants, anti-wear, phosphate esters, 4-ball wear test
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